Who Was the First Woman Nominated for Vice President

Question:  Who was the first woman nominated as a vice presidential candidate by a major American political party? Answer: In 1984, Walter Mondale, Democratic nominee for president, selected Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate, and his choice was confirmed by the Democratic National Convention. The only other woman nominated for vice president by a major party was  Sarah Palin in 2008. The Nomination At the time of the Democratic National Convention of 1984, Geraldine Ferraro was serving her sixth year in Congress. An Italian-American from Queens, New York, since she moved there in 1950, she was an active Roman Catholic. She kept her birth name when she married John Zaccaro. She had been a public school teacher and a prosecuting attorney. Already, there was speculation that the popular Congresswoman would run for the Senate in New York in 1986.  She asked the Democratic party to make her the head of the platform committee for its 1984 convention. As early as 1983, an op-ed in the New York Times by Jane Perletz urged that Ferraro be given the vice president slot on the Democratic ticket. She was appointed to chair the platform committee. Candidates for the presidential slot in 1984 included  Walter F. Mondale, Senator Gary Hart and the Rev. Jesse Jackson all had delegates, though it was clear that Mondale would win the nomination.   There was still talk in the months before the convention of placing Ferraros name in nomination at the convention, whether Mondale chose her as his running mate or not. Ferraro finally clarified in June that she would not permit her name to be put in nomination if it would be counterposed to Mondales choice. A number of powerful women Democrats, including Marylands Representative Barbara Mikulski, were pressuring Mondale to pick Ferraro or face a floor fight. In her acceptance speech to the convention, memorable words included If we can do this, we can do anything.† A Reagan landslide defeated the Mondale-Ferraro ticket.  She was only the fourth member of the House to that point in the 20th century to run as a major party candidate for vice president. Conservatives including William Safire criticized her for use of the honorific Ms. and for using the term gender instead of sex.  The New York Times, refusing by its style guide to use Ms. with her name, settled at her request on calling her Mrs. Ferraro. During the campaign, Ferraro tried to bring issues that were about womens lives to the forefront.  A poll right after the nomination showed Mondale/Ferraro winning the womens vote while men favored the Republican ticket. Her casual approach at appearances, coupled with her quick responses to questions and her clear competence, endeared her to supporters.  She was not afraid to publicly say that her counterpart on the Republican ticket, George H. W. Bush, was patronizing. Questions about Ferraros finances dominated the news for quite a while during the campaign. Many believed that there was more focus on her familys finances because she was a woman, and some thought it was because she and her husband were Italian-Americans. In particular, the investigations looked at loans made from her husbands finances to her first Congressional campaign, an error on 1978 income taxes resulting in back taxes owed of $60,000, and her disclosure of her own finances but refusal to disclose her husbands detailed tax filings. She was reported to have won support among Italian-Americans, particularly because of her heritage, and because some Italian-Americans suspected that the harsh attacks on her husbands finances reflected stereotypes about Italian-Americans. But for a variety of reasons, including facing an incumbent in an improving economy and Mondales statement that a tax increase was inevitable, Mondale/Ferraro lost in November.  About 55 percent of women, and more men, voted for the Republicans. The Aftermath For many women, breaking the glass ceiling with that nomination was inspiring.  It would be another 24 years before another woman was nominated for the vice presidency by a major party. 1984 was called the Year of the Woman for womens activity in working in and running in campaigns. (1992 was later also called Year of the Woman for the number of women who won Senate and House seats.) Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kansas) won reelection to the Senate. Three women, two Republicans and one Democrat, won their elections to become first-term Representatives in the House.  Many women challenged incumbents, though few won.   A House Ethics committee in 1984 decided that Ferraro should have reported details of her husbands finances as part of her financial disclosures as a member of Congress. They took no action to sanction her, finding that she had omitted the information unintentionally. She remained a spokesperson for feminist causes, though largely as an independent voice.  When many Senators defended Clarence Thomas and attacked the character of his accuser, Anita Hill, she said that men still dont get it. She refused an offer to run for the Senate against Republican incumbent Alfonse M. DAmato in the 1986 race. In 1992, in the next election to seek to unseat DAmato, there was talk of Ferraro running, and also stories about Elizabeth Holtzman  (Brooklyn District Attorney) showing ads that implied a connection of Ferraros husband to organized crime figures. In 1993, President Clinton appointed Ferraro as an ambassador, appointed to be a representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission. In 1998 Ferraro decided to pursue a race against the same incumbent.  The likely Democratic primary field included Rep. Charles Schumer (Brooklyn), Elizabeth Holtzman  and Mark Green, New York City Public Advocate.  Ferraro had the support of Gov. Cuomo.  She dropped out of the race over an investigation into whether her husband had made illegal large contributions to her 1978 Congressional campaign. Schumer won the primary and the election. Supporting Hillary Clinton in 2008 The same year, 2008, that the next woman was nominated for vice president by a major party, Hillary Clinton had nearly won the Democratic nomination for the top of the ticket, the presidency. Ferraro supported the campaign strongly, and said quite publicly was marked by sexism. Political Career In 1978, Ferraro ran for Congress, advertising herself as a tough Democrat. She was re-elected in 1980 and again in 1982. The district was known for being somewhat conservative, ethnic, and blue-collar. In 1984, Geraldine Ferraro served as chair of the Democratic Party Platform Committee, and the presidential nominee, Walter Mondale, selected her as his running mate after an extensive vetting process, and after a good deal of public pressure to pick a woman. The Republican campaign focused on her husbands finances and his business ethics and she faced charges of her familys ties to organized crime. The Catholic church openly criticized her for her pro-choice position on reproductive rights.  Gloria Steinem  later commented, What has the womens movement learned from her candidacy for vice president? Never get married. The Mondale-Ferraro ticket lost to the very popular Republican ticket, headed by Ronald Reagan, winning only one state and the District of Columbia for 13 electoral votes. Books by Geraldine Ferraro: Changing History: Women, Power and Politics (1993; reprint 1998)My Story (1996; Reprint 2004)Framing a Life: A Family Memoir (1998) Selected Geraldine Ferraro Quotations †¢ Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for vice president in the new land my father came to love. †¢ We fought hard. We gave it our best. We did what was right and we made a difference. †¢ Weve chosen the path to equality; dont let them turn us around. †¢ Unlike the American revolution, which began with the shot heard round the world, the rebellion of Seneca Falls -- steeped in moral conviction and rooted in the abolitionist movement -- dropped like a stone in the middle of a placid lake, causing ripples of change.  No governments were overthrown, no lives were lost in bloody battles, no single enemy was identified and vanquished. The disputed territory was the human heart and the contest played itself out in every American institution: our homes, our churches, our schools, and ultimately in the provinces of power.  -- from the forward to A History of the American Suffragist Movement †¢ Id call it a new version of voodoo economics, but Im afraid that would give witch doctors a bad name. †¢ It was not so very long ago that people thought that semiconductors were part-time orchestra leaders and microchips were very, very small snack foods. †¢ Vice president - it has such a nice ring to it! †¢ Modern life is confusing - no Ms. take about it. †¢Ã‚  Barbara Bush, about vice-presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro: I cant say it, but it rhymes with rich.  (Barbara Bush later apologized for calling Ferraro a witch -- October 15, 1984, New York Times)

Case Study Barilla s Supply Chain Management Essay

IE 7325 Supply Chain Management Case Study-5 fw9795@wayne.edu Barilla SpA Summary: Barilla an Italian pasta maker founded on 1875 as a small shop in Parma by Pietro Barilla. They were known for their pasta and bread products. In 1940s, they evolved into large vertically integrated company with flour mills, pasta plants and bakery products throughout Italy. As increase in competitors the brand value of barilla is increased by their high product quality. In 1971,the company suffered huge debt because of their decision to construct a state of art pasta plant in Pedringo.So the company’s was sold to an American multinational firm W.R.Grace,Inc.But the company struggle to pay off its acquisition then they sold back to Barilla. The market condition was improved and the company enjoyed an annual growth of 21%and decided to expand their business internationally. They forecasted potential increase in the Eastern European market in the future. Barilla comprised of its three brands: the barilla, Voiello and Braibanti with respective of its cost from low to hi gh. Barilla owned an extensive network of plants throughout Italy. Whereas the R D facilities and pilot production plant in Pedringo is used to develop new products. They divided entire products into two categories Fresh and Dry products based on their shelf lives. The dry products are about 75% of sales and 800 different packaged SKUs.The company owned two Central Distribution centers: The Northern atShow MoreRelatedBarilla Case Study1728 Words   |  7 PagesBARILLA CASE STUDY REPORT 1. Introduction Barilla was founded in 1875 in Parma, Italy by Pietro Barilla. It used to be a small store that sold pasta and bakery products. In the 1960s, it differentiates itself from competitors by producing high quality product with noticeable packaging and marketing campaign. In the 1970s, due to the big investment for pasta plant, Barilla was in huge debt and was sold to WR Grace (a multi national firm). 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The principle of Just in time is to eliminate sources of manufacturing waste by getting the right quantity of raw materials and producing the right quantity of products in the right place at the right time.(1) In this way, manufactures receive parts and materials â€Å"just in time†Read MoreAmerican Tool Works2448 Words   |  10 PagesVILLANOVA UNIVERSITY VILLANOVA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS FTE MBA Program CMB 8050 - 001: VIRTUAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Spring 2010 Dr. Matthew J. Liberatore Phone No.: (610) 519-4390 Office: 3072 Bartley Hall Fax No.: (610) 519- 6566 E-mail address: matthew.liberatore@villanova.edu Class web site: http://www.homepage.villanova.edu/matthew.liberatore/CMB8050 Class schedule: Thursdays 6:00 p.m. – 9:30 p.m. Office hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays 11:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m., Thursday 5:30 p.m. –Read MoreSupply Chain Management at WUp Bottlery1938 Words   |  8 PagesLINCOLN UNIVERSITY EXTENSION in Addis Ababa Course Title: Import-Export Management (BA318) Global Supply Chain Analysis-W’up Bottlery Submitted to: Mike Guerra, Ed.D Prepared by: Group 2 Abiy Hailemariam- 70120 Abaynesh Mekonen-70119 Daniel Assefa-70126 Eskatnaf Lulseged-70129 Menkir Hailu-70130 Yetenayet Befekadu-70147 June 2015 Supply- Chain Management at W’Up Bottlery Background W’UP Bottlery is one of the four bottling company which produces and distributes Coca- Cola and other soft drinksRead MoreCase Study20441 Words   |  82 PagesScience Title â€Å"SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT† Graduation Project Course: PRODACTION SYSTEM CONTROL Skopje - July, 2011 1 Faculty of Technical Science Title â€Å"SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT† Graduation Project Course: PRODACTION SYSTEM CONTROL Mentor: Prof. (Tarik CAKAR) Performed by: Enis SELAM, Student ID No.08/09.20 Enis_slm@hotmail.com Skopje, July, 2011 2 BRIEF CONTENTS Preface xiii Part I -- Building a Strategic Framework to Analyze Supply Chains Chapter 1 Understanding

The Life of General Stonewall Jackson by Mary L. Williamson Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction â€Å"The Life of Stonewall Jackson† written by Mary L. Williamson is about the calling of Stonewall Jackson as an officer and general in the Confederate Army. The paper tackles the life of Thomas Jackson. The field vocabulary and short sentences give a perfect debut to the topic for younger readers. and the book’s excellence qualifies it as literature worthy of an expert’s attending. Body Published 30 old ages subsequent to the Civil War. this life of one of the era’s greatest generals comprises a sum-up of the war and its causes. There is plentifulness of action for bang searchers and legion illustrations of leadership’s rules for pupils. This book tells sing immature Thomas Jackson as an orphan in Ohio. He went to legion different topographic points like his Uncle Brake’s. In the terminal he went to West Point. Harmonizing to Williamson. Mary L. ( 1997 ) as a lieutenant in the United States Army. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of General Stonewall Jackson by Mary L. Williamson Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page he achieved an astonishing win over the Mexican forces. He was an artillery officer. and with his visible radiation heavy weapon went on the manner to the strong palace of Chapultepec. The Mexican military personnels killed or injured his full unit except Jackson and another adult male. The two of them with two cannon destabilized the fortress so much that the Americans stormed over the palace walls and took it. Decision Stonewall Jackson. his really name suggests the image of the solid. immoveable Confederate general whose nickname. gained at the Battle of 1st Manassas. no longer necessitates citation Markss. But no 1 has labeled Thomas Jonathan Jackson a â€Å"marble adult male. † every bit impenetrable as the statues which celebrate his heroism. General Jackson was obviously a consistent scriptural Christian who lived out his faith each twenty-four hours. earnestly and with no via media. Jackson’s divinity was highly Orthodox. being rooted in the scriptural tradition of Knox. Calvin. and Edwards. In a twenty-four hours of true heroes. Stonewall’s gallant workss and honest behavior still travel the Black Marias of people with esteem. He demonstrates how a Christian soldier should populate and decease. Mention Williamson. Mary L. ( January. 1997 ) . â€Å"The Life of General Stonewall Jackson† . Christian Liberty Pr. 122 pages. ISBN: 1930092210.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Cell Phones Pros and Cons

Argumentative Essay Sample on Cell Phones Pros and Cons Argumentative Essay on Cell Phones Before the emergence of cell phones, people used to hang around their houses so as to use voice calling services. Cell phones have improved upon this norm by offering mobile telephone gadgets that could be fixed in cars and also carried around since they are portable and are light in weight. Cell phones that were made in the first years of manufacturing were heavy in weight and also installed in vehicles permanently. In addition, limited services were provided for each geographical area as few frequencies could be available. Later, modern cell phones (also known as hand phones) exploit the idea of cellular network which possesses frequencies that can be used repeatedly in the same area in the city. Cell phones have enabled Americans to travel with technology everywhere they go. This allows many users to access and share the radio bandwidth and also allows calls to be made in a wide geographical area. The user does not have to own the station but is a subscriber. Cordless telephone contrasts cell phones as they can be used only in the range of a one personal base station. Indisputably, ever since the emergence of cell phones people can constantly keep in touch with their loved ones regardless of the distance. One can reach almost everywhere without any difficulty. Additionally, people can immediately get help in case of emergencies. Furthermore, through mobile phones people can lessen their boredom through listening to their favorite music or watching downloaded movies. Emergence of cell phones has lead to massive changes in United States. Generally, people spent many hours talking on cell phones. American culture has tremendously changed with cell phones. The ring tones firms, which enables people to listen to popular music is at the moment a five dollar billion market every year, an enlightening case of an ancillary industry resulting from the use of a mobile phone. Minor firms now market cell phone games as well as video content aimed specifically to be watched on cell phones. Additionally, other creative functions have arisen, such as text messaging, Short Message Service (SMS), as well as fake talking (people pretend to converse using cell phones to fight fear and loneliness). In cases where young people (men and women) are controlled in their capability to socialize; cellular phones have been helpful for social interaction. Cell phones have an effect on America’s built environment, especially through widespread advertising. Cell phones have grown to be popular in the United States unlike the Internet, which on the other hand has caused digital division between various social classes. It is also recognized to be glamorous and inexpensive. The majority of the cell phone subscribers in America personalizes and decorates their cell phones, bringing about folk art cottage sector. The cell phone has grown to be a kind of art, whereby a cell phone users preference of phone and decoration serves as a sort of personal statement. The emergence of the mobile cellular phone has as well brought about changes in various cultural norms in America. Industries, movie theaters, cafà ©s and parks are just a number of spaces where the suitability of cell phone discussions is unclear and doubtful. Cell phones prioritize socialization with people who are far-away over those who share space. Classrooms are also other sectors that have significantly changed in America due to use of cell phones. Nowadays most students use cell phones in class, especially text messaging and the internet. Students can now get information faster through the cell phones. This has significantly affected education standards since most of the students use cell phones to cheat during exams. Despite the presence of moderately small screen sizes, majority of the people in America have started watching TV on their cell phones, this is to distance themselves from jam-packed situations and also prioritize their attention. Regardless of the widespread recognition of the cell phones’ video technology, consumers are still cautious of two-way video, caused by anxieties about privacy and surveillance. The political sector in America has also changed tremendously as a result of cell phones. Cell phones have been utilized to mobilize followers of political causes. Protesters use their cell phones to send text messages to organize activities and also to avoid the police. Evidently, as a result of these advantages, cell phone market in America is very dynamic and competitive. There are several service providers in America that are competing with each other so as to offer America the best possible rates. The majority of cell phone companies launch campaigns that enable America to communicate at a slightly cheaper rate. Furthermore, making international calls though the cell phone is much cheaper than through land line. This has enabled expansion of international trade between America and other states. In conclusion, cell phones have enabled people to form their own micro-cultures. In America, people are changing cultural customs and values, and are greatly demonstrating consumers skill to repurpose and modify technology for their personal use. In my opinion, given that cell phones have allowed Americans to protect their private relations from the culture in their surrounding, they have encouraged the existence a variety of complex but exclusive micro-cultures.

How to Use a Visual Dictionary

How to Use a Visual Dictionary Its important to know how to use a visual dictionary as an English learner. In fact, Id say that along with a collocation dictionary, a visual dictionary can be a secret weapon when it comes to learning new vocabulary. Of course, youll always need a standard learners dictionary, but using these other types will really help you expand your vocabulary quickly.   Whats the difference between a Visual Dictionary and a Normal Dictionary? A visual dictionary teaches through pictures. It shows you the meaning, rather than telling you the meaning of a word. It shows a picture, photograph, diagram or other image that explains a word. Of course, this means that visual dictionaries generally teach nouns. Nouns are objects in our world and are easily shown in pictures. However, when explaining more abstract terms such as freedom or justice, theres little a visual dictionary can show you to help. This is true for emotions, action verbs, etc.   Visual Dictionary Differences Dictionary Structure Using a standard dictionary requires you to look up a word alphabetically. While this is very helpful, it doesnt connect words to situations. When learning any language context is important. Visual dictionaries are arranged by topic. This allows you to see an object in its context and make stronger associations with other words. This in turn, improves your understanding, as well as quickly expanding knowledge of vocabulary for specific situations. Some visual dictionaries provide explanations of key vocabulary related to a topic providing further context and related vocabulary.   Synonyms and Antonyms One negative aspect of visual dictionaries is that they do not provide words that are in similar (or opposite) in meaning. Traditional dictionaries allow learners to explore language through reading definitions. Through explanations, dictionaries help you learn new vocabulary. This is not the case with visual dictionaries. Pronunciation Many visual dictionaries do not provide pronunciation for individual words. Most dictionaries provide phonetic spellings of words to show pronunciation. Visual dictionaries, with the exception of some online visual dictionaries, do not provide pronunciation help.   How Should I Use a Visual Dictionary? Use a visual dictionary when you need to understand a specific situation or topic. For example, if youd like to learn the names of various parts of a machine, a visual dictionary is the perfect solution. You can learn the names of the parts, discover how they relate to each other, and see examples of common actions related to using a machine.    Visual dictionaries are especially useful for those who want to learn English for a profession. By choosing topics related to your chosen profession, youll be able to quickly learn specific vocabulary. For engineers and other science related professions, this is extremely helpful.   The best use of visual dictionaries is to explore the physical world. Just looking at the diagrams will not only teach you new English vocabulary, but also help you expand your understanding of how the world works. Seeing and learning new vocabulary by topic helps you understand systems by learning to name objects in that system. For example, a visual dictionary might show a cross-image of a volcano. Explanations of each related term will not only teach you new words, but also what makes a volcano explode! When Should I use a Normal Dictionary? Use a standard dictionary when you are reading a book and its important to know the precise meaning of a word. Of course, its always better to try to understand a word through context. If you cant understand the situation without understanding a specific word, the dictionary is your best friend.   What about a Thesaurus? Im glad you asked. A thesaurus provides synonyms and antonyms for words and is especially important if you need to write essays, business letters, or other formal documents in English. Visual Dictionary Resources on Site There are a number of visual dictionaries on this site including a visual sports dictionary, a professions dictionary, as well as a visual guide to verb tenses.

Open Adoption Records Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open Adoption Records - Coursework Example Key words: information, agreement, consent. Should All Adoption Document Opened To Adopted Child Above 18? Every person above 18 years has a right to have access to information. However, this right should be restricted on special cases. It may require one to restrict information to an individual for the good of the person and those related to the person. Under section 3 of data protection act, one has a right to obtain a copy of any information withheld from him, by an organization. But provisions have been provided under section 5 of data protection act where the information to be provided may negatively affect the code of conduct and interest of an organization (Data protection commissioner, n.d). In this regard, this paper opposes the opening of all adoption records to adopted individual even though the individual may be above 18 years. The assertion is in regard to the following fact; the uncertainty of physiological effects that may be caused due to such revelations. A good exam ple is the case where the biological parents choose to maintain anonymous identification. It would be of great importance to maintain the privacy of the parents. Otherwise not doing so, will not only hurt the credibility of the organization concerned and the biological parents’ right of privacy, but also may infringe negatively into the adopted parents’ relationship with the adopted child. The signed documents between the parents and the organization should be respected and their privacy maintained, and only opened to a third party under their consent, and if a situation forces (Adoption resources, 2013). Otherwise this may harm the firm’s credibility and the biological parents’ feelings, thus causing a negative impact. The second reason for my proposition is due to the fact that such revelations may cause a rift between the adopted parents and the child. This may be due to the fact that the child may have a conflict of interest between the biological and the adopted parents. In one way or the other, one party may have to suffer some kind of damages due to this revelation. It is better to avoid this entire situation by withholding such information so as not to hurt the young person’s emotions. It may be argued that such revelations are important to the health and medical conditions of the adopted kid, because some medical conditions are directly related to the biological family’s medical history. I agree that these conditions would easily be monitored if the biological family’s medical history was revealed to the adopted child. This fact, however, should not be the core reason for opening of all the adoption records to the adopted child. Such critical information should be given to the adopting parents who should reveal the history to the doctors without revealing the adopting documents to the child. Even in such circumstances, only safe information should be released. Individuals aged above 18 years have the ri ght to get access their records (Yashwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Administration, 2006). However, if such information would have a negative impact on the person’s wellbeing as well as people around (i.e. would cause physiological problems and unwarranted anger), it would be better such individual is kept in the â€Å"dark† in regard to such scenarios. Despite the individual’s emotional maturity, such information may break the strength,

Leading a team through a period of change Essay

Leading a team through a period of change - Essay Example Leadership, essentially a synthesis of arts, reflects individual experience, understanding, values and capabilities, interacting with situations where, realistically, there is rarely an 'ideal' solution. Success as a leader, so often results from the unique originality of individual responses, rather than by following established precepts, without sufficient thought to context and circumstances. This does not mean that today's leaders cannot learn from their predecessors or, for that matter, blithely ignore what is currently reckoned to be 'best practice' (Adair. 2002). Clearly, the distilled wisdom and experience of generations of leaders - successful and otherwise - and the lessons to be drawn from those presently operating in conditions akin to our own, are invaluable sources of learning for anyone in a leadership role, in the dramatically changing and many-sided world of business. Effective leadership must include the intellect, temperament, core values, energy and courage of the individual leader. More recently, the conveniently distorted, or logic of political correctness has also sought to exclude 'nature', by concentrating inappropriately upon 'nurture', as the predominant, if not sole, determinant of leader effectiveness (Belbin, 2004). Traditionally, future trends and events have been projected as extrapolations of past events and data. Based on the premise that the future is the product of the past, planners have developed such forecasting techniques as trend extrapolation and econometric modeling. Elegant as these methods are, their performance in the last several decades has been far from satisfactory (Bridges, 1995). The primary role of the leader, within the organization's executive structure, his or her degree of formal, positional authority, as well as the nature and dynamics of the management hierarchy itself, are all major potential influences in creating the boundaries that must be coped with. The speedy, essentially 'organic' nature of the burgeoning inter-departmental relationships, quickly lead to a series of major restructures, and the emergence of a typical flatter organization, where the informal processes become not only legitimized, but are actively stimulated and encouraged as the previous forma l boundaries progressively disappeared (Chemers, 1997). Before the adoption of a certain leadership strategy or style, the company's executive or manager should analyze and evaluate the nature of change and transition stages (Chase, and Podlesni 2006). Changes are defined as allowing the emerging of a new state of being. The transition strategy is embedded in perspectives on change such as strategic choice, developmental stages, and organizational life cycle. It is also based on the traditional approach to planned change. From these perspectives, organizations eventually proceed through distinct stages, and the task of managers is to effectively manage the transition from one stable state to another. Transition seems to start where transformation ends (Chemers, 1997). The main purpose of transformation is to help organizations to accept the need for change and to generate a new vision, the main purpose of transition is to turn these into reality. Although transition may be seen as